Marvel at the monoliths of Pancha Rathas, a complex of granite structures that have been decorated with ornate carvings. See tributes to Hindu gods and bring your camera to capture the striking beauty of chiseled sculptures and façades.
The Pancha Rathas complex was built in the 7th century under the rule of Pallavan King Mahendravarman I. This UNESCO Heritage Site features innovative designs that had not been seen earlier in Indian architecture. Examine lion sculptures and decorative motifs that have been repeated throughout Dravidian architecture, especially in landmarks along the coast of Tamil Nadu.
The complex includes five stone-cut structures built to resemble “rathas,” which were ancient chariots. All are monoliths, carved from a single piece of pink granite.
Each ratha features an ornate tiered roof that rises to a dome. The patterns and figures chiseled into the tiers are characteristic of Dravidian architecture. Inspect niches built into the walls, which are occupied by sculptures of gods and mythical Hindu figures.
The Dharmaraja Ratha is the largest of the rathas. Walk around its walls to see panels carved with depictions of the deities, Lord Shiva and Shakti. A representation of Lord Krishna dancing on the ferocious kaliya snake is particularly striking. Next door is the Bhima Ratha, an oblong building with decorative columns.
Stop by Arjuna Ratha and Nakul Ratha to see reliefs of animals and the Nandi bull, a symbol of Lord Shiva. Admire a huge elephant sculpture that stands on a separate platform between the temples.
The Draupadi Ratha, which is dedicated to the goddess Durga, sets itself apart from the others with a simpler aesthetic. Study the guardians of this structure, two stone soldiers with bows and swords.
Pancha Rathas is about a 15-minute walk south from central Mahabalipuram. The site is open daily and there is an admission.
